第三五零章 秋 (下)
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陈恪要做的,便是树立另外一种世界观和方龘法论!
回到《中庸》首句‘天命之谓性,率性之谓道,修道之谓教’。
陈恪的解释为‘理性是人类的天性,通过理性的思考,可以发现道,圣人以此探求大道以教化万民’。
他将‘天命’解释为‘道’,道者,绝对真理和客观规律也。他说这个世界便是在绝对真理和客观规律之下运行的。真理和规律,隐藏在表象和事龘件之下,规矩着事龘件和表象的发展。所以认识真理和规律,就可以预见事物的变化,把握正确的方龘法,即所谓‘明心见性’,然后可修齐治平也!
真理和规律是可以认知的。修道,就是认识真理和规律的过程。而修道的方龘法,便是‘格物’。
对于‘格物’,陈恪与朱熹的说法基本相同。他说‘知在我,理在物’,连接物我方龘法就是‘格物致知’。
他们同样训‘格’为至、为尽,至:谓究至事物之理。同样训‘物’为事,其范围极广,包括一切自然现象和社会现象,亦包括心理现象和道龘德行为规范。
‘格物’就是穷尽事物之理。认为上至宇宙天地,下至微小的一草一木一昆虫,皆有理,都要去格,物的理穷得愈多,我之知也愈广。由格物到致知,有一个从积累有渐到豁然贯通的过程。
要贯通,必须花工夫,格一物、理会一事都要穷尽,由近及远,由浅而深,由粗到精。博学之,审问之,慎思之,明辨之,成四节次第,重重而入,层层而进,以求道理。
所谓‘穷理须穷究得尽,得其皮肤是表也,见得深奥是里也。’人们必须经过这样由表及里的认识过程,才能达到对理的体认。
以上的方龘法论,基本上都是朱子观点,陈恪几乎原封不动的照搬。但在不同的世界下,此方龘法论便与程朱理学有了分际,变成了‘在认识和实践活动中,运用理性思维,从现象中升华出理论,以实践检验理论。经过这样的过程便可得一理。’
当你通晓万物之理后,便可从诸多理中,升华出道。
当你认识了道,则万事万物在你眼里都没有秘密,你便成了道。
则惟天下至诚,能尽其性;能尽其性,则能尽人之性;能尽人之性,则能尽物之性;能尽物之性,则可赞天下之化育;可以赞天下之化育,则可以与天地参矣!
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陈恪的这套学说,因为是站在巨人的肩膀上,一问世便显得精致完整,令人信服。
加之他已经树立起经学大师的形象,所以他仅在经筵上讲了一章《中庸》,便引起了强烈的反响。
去年他考证《尚书》乃伪经,士大夫们还只把他当成是学问渊博、明辨深思的才华之士。今年听了他讲《中庸》,才知道原来大宋朝继道学、新学之后,又诞生了一门学说。又诞生了一名大儒!
而且这门学说一经问世,就如此完整,如此可行可信,远超其它仍在摸索附会中的学说。
只是陈恪实在太年轻,让士大夫们实在无法接受,几代人苦苦寻索而不得的真谛,竟被这个三十岁不到的小子,给道破了。
于是疑问铺天盖地而来,许多根本就是为了反对而反对,结果后半程的经筵,成了陈恪为捍卫自己的学说,舌战群儒的场景。
但是如论如何,谁都承认,在嘉佑五年秋的经筵中,诞生了一门充满生机的儒家学说。它所蕴含的生命力,必将冲击这个世界!
因为陈恪出身蜀地,所以通常称之为‘蜀学’,但他自己更愿意称为‘理学’……一来向贡献了灵魂成内容的朱子致敬,二来,这本就是道理之学,称为理学最恰当不过。
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