第86章 格物开智
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乾清宫西暖阁内,明亮的烛火在夜风里轻轻晃动着,映得朱由检御案上的《全国新式工场十年规划图》清晰可见。
朱由检坐在御案后,手指压在规划图上「实用人才紧缺」这行结论上。手指半天没挪动。
宋应星立在一旁,他的手里捧着一叠从各地工坊呈报上来的要求技艺改良的文书,他的工作也是千头万缕,并不轻松。
「陛下。」宋应星开了口,他的声音异常低沉,「张家湾织机房那位张姓老匠人,前日带着徒弟试制新式脚踏新纺车,经过三日手磨刀挫才磨出一副齿轮,结果一上机,十齿还差两齿,还对不上套。」
「这种事发生的不是一次两次了,」他说,「若有人能把这齿轮的算法固定下来,并画成图样,依据图纸制作,百人皆可用,何至于如此耗时费力?全靠老匠人依据经验和手感,想当然凭运气做,造成产量和合格率实在太低了。」
朱由检听了没抬头,只问了宋应星一个关键问题:「他识字么?」
「识得几个字,就是算学上不太精通,更不懂什么几何画法。他带的那个徒弟,倒是读过《九章算术》这本书,可齿轮制造太过精密,不像打铁这类工艺,只凭经验根本无法完成。不懂机括丶算学和几何,两人就这么凑在一块研究,却还是对不上路数。」
朱由检听到这,这才抬起眼,目光扫过宋应星手上的图纸。上面歪歪扭扭,画着齿轮,连杆,水轮的图样,旁边还标注着「此处咬合无法对齐」「转速不均」「易断轴」等改进要求。
「现在的工坊现状,全是匠人经验之谈,没有一条能写成通则的标准与原理。陛下,如此下去大明的工业路途,将困难重重啊!」
「作坊只能练出良工,只有学院才能出大家和宗师。」宋应星言辞恳切缓缓对朱由检道,「经验与技艺终有尽头,靠现在这般口传心授,其传播力终究有限,一代人死掉,其传承手艺就得断掉一半还多。陛下,这个问题大明当引起重视呀!」
听到这话,朱由检皱起了眉,这零到一的过程是最难的。
「宋应星,你说得很对,朕要的不是十个能修纺车的人,朕要的是一千个能自己造纺车的人。要让他们知道并理解,为什么这啮合得上,那轴转得稳。」
宋应星躬身附和:「陛下,正是如此。如今各工场虽已推行了分工作业,效率大增,可一旦遇到技术瓶颈问题,便无一人能解能避。这是大明新式工坊遇到的最大问题,也是最急需解决的问题。」
「另外,景德镇那边,釉料配比依靠的仍是老师傅尝土丶看火色这种毫无定数的土办法。」
「渖阳城铁冶也好不了多少,其鼓风炉水力传动装置,现在总出故障。匠人们的维修办法,只能拆了后再重装,然后再进行漫长的反覆试错来应对。」
「陛下,若有一人能将这些原理理出来,并写成书,再教给后来者,那何愁大明工业不进?」
朱由检点头,指尖在图纸上划了一道:「那就建院吧。就叫『大明格物学院』。将算学,格物,工学,化学,天文,五科纳入,五科并立。就由你来做这首任祭酒。好好干,你比徐阁老年轻很多,朕很看好你,这学院就交到你手上,当你桃李满天下之时,你就知道这背后的分量了。好好干,干好了,足够你荫蔽子孙的了。有些话,朕不方便说的太明显,你自己理解吧?」
宋应星一怔,随即深深朝朱由检大礼拜下:「臣愿竭尽全力,为陛下,为大明大业,万死不辞。」
「三日后有个大早朝,朕便当着百官之面提此事。」朱由检收起图纸,站起身来,「做好准备,传统守旧派必然会跳脚,但这一关由朕来帮你过。但你要记住,尽快干出成绩来,不然他们会打朕的脸!」
三日后,文华殿。
轻柔的风吹进大殿,明亮的晨光也欢快地透过窗棂照进来,文武百官列班而立,大殿气氛却不像往常那般肃静。
翰林院掌院学士李维桢,手持一本奏摺,脸色铁青第一个跳出来发难。他的身后,还有十余名支持他的文官也是神情凝重的随他一同站了出来。
隐隐的,文华殿形成一股君臣对峙之势。
朱由检端坐于龙椅之上,目光淡淡扫过众人,毫不拖泥带水,开口便道:「今日第一个议题,议大明建格物学院一事,各位诸卿你们都有何见解呀?」
话音刚落,李维桢已经跪倒在地并高举着奏摺道:
「陛下!臣等要联名上奏,恳请陛下收回天子成命!所谓格物之学,实乃奇技淫巧之学,非我华夏圣贤文明正道。我朝以儒家治国,以科举取士,皆由四书五经立天下。今若另立一院,专授算术机巧,是舍本逐末之举,以技而乱儒,必动摇大明国本!」
他话音刚落,户部右侍郎也上前一步支持李维桢的说法:
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