第四百一十五章人之初,性本恶(4000)
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”孔云海气得全身发抖,恼道:“如此不知重道之人,老夫从所未见!忤逆圣人之言,你江寒当向天下人谢罪!”
“我说过我重道,但只重真正的道。”江寒道。
孔云海怒极反笑,道:“真正的道,好啊,老夫倒想听听足下高见。”
江寒笑了起来:“孔老先生可敢与我论一论?”
孔云海怒道:“你想与我论道?你不过读几年书,你也敢与我论道?”
鹿观道:“江寒,三思啊!”
孔云海乃当世大儒,知识渊博,更别提还是论人初性善还是性恶。
江寒道:“为何不敢?”
孔云海怒极反笑:“好,你想论,老夫便陪你论。若你输了,老夫要你在报纸上向孔家认错,向天下人谢罪!”
他反应过来,这是消除报纸对孔家的影响的最好机会。
江寒道:“若孔老先生输了吗?”
孔云海冷笑道:“若我输给你这个后生小子,公开向你道歉,从此退出文坛!”
“好!”
眼见双方下了赌约,鹿观就算想劝也劝不了,只能叹了一口气。
孔云海当即道:“圣人曰:人之初,性本善。恻隐之心,人皆有之;羞恶之心,人皆有之;恭敬之心,人皆有之;是非之心,人皆有之。恻隐之心,仁也;羞恶之心,义也;恭敬之心,礼也;是非之心,智也。仁、义、礼、智,非由外铄我也,我固有之……”
江寒耐心等他听完,笑道:“孔老先生说的好,人有恻隐之心、羞恶之心、恭敬之心、是非之心,然而在我看来,这四善端并非先天带来,而是后天学习。”
“胡说!胡说!”孔云海恼道。
他决定了,等回到孔家,便发动力量,抨击江寒不敬儒道,与圣道背道而驰。
江寒笑道:“孔老先生请静听我言。”
“你认为人之初,性本善,是因为人生来有恻隐之心、羞恶之心、恭敬之心、是非之心……然而在我看来,却是人之初,性本恶,其善者伪也!”
“今人之性,生而有好利焉,顺是,故争夺生而辞让亡焉;生而有疾恶焉,顺是,故残贼生而忠信亡焉;生而有耳目之欲,有好声色焉,顺是,故淫/乱生而礼义文理亡焉。”
孔云海猛的一愣,瞪大眼睛,他想要反驳,可一时之间却找不到辩驳的理由。
江寒所说的正是性恶论,也就是荀子提出的“人之初,性本恶”,荀子的思想在文坛上占据着极为重要的地位,而性恶论在先秦百家关于人性的论断中也是独树一帜,影响极大。
“然则从人之性,顺人之情,必出于争夺,合于犯分乱理,而归于暴。故必将有师法之化,礼义之道,然后出于辞让,合于文理,而归于治。用此观之,人之性恶明矣,其善者伪也。”
江寒顿了顿,道:“孔老先生可曾看到过,七八岁的孩子,会将怀孕的母猫活活摔死,听见母猫的哀嚎,为此感到好玩。
可曾看过,几岁的孩子会将青蛙放在水中慢慢煮沸,看青蛙挣扎着慢慢被煮熟。
又或曾看到,几岁的孩子故意绊倒步履蹒跚的老人,只为了好玩。”
孔云海沉声道:“老夫自然看过,这些不过是坏种罢了!”
江寒道:“那孔老先生说的人先天有恻隐之心、羞恶之心却在哪里?这些事情大人都做不出来,可是小孩却能毫无心理压力便做出来,甚至在踩死怀孕的母猫时,可能还会发出笑声。”
“这……”孔云海愣住了,不知该如何回答。
江寒道:“小孩能做出大人也做不出来的事,能视生命为儿戏,正是因为人性本恶!或者说,小孩子根本不懂得善恶为何物。”
“不错,人确实有恻隐之心、羞恶之心、恭敬之心、是非之心,但那些都是人通过后天的学习才明白的。小孩子懂什么是非,懂什么善恶?”
孔云海呆呆发愣,竟是找不出反驳的理由,甚至他越是琢磨,越发现这性恶论似乎真有其道理。
江寒道:“故枸木必将待檃栝、烝矫然后直;钝金必将待砻厉然后利;今人之性恶,必将待师法然后正,得礼义然后治,今人无师法,则偏险而不正;无礼义,则悖乱而不治……”
江寒看着孔云海,缓缓道:“在我看来,人之善恶,是非,恭敬,恻隐,皆来自后天学习,是以,人性本恶。孔老先生,该你说了。”
孔云海张了张口,却是一句话也说不出来。
一旁的鹿观,万俊也都是愣住了,江寒这番关于性恶论的言论有理有据,自成逻辑,他们就算想要思索出什么不对的地方也想不出来。
孔云海隔了半晌,终于长长叹了一口气:
“我输了。”
说出这句话的时候,他仿佛这短短的一盏茶时间便老了十岁。
说罢,这位孔家大儒迈着沉重的步伐向门口走去,再不发一言。
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