第一百一十五章五年纲要
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持续到午时。六部九卿、内阁辅臣,几乎每个人都提出了疑问,朱由检一一解答。有些解答让众人茅塞顿开,有些仍存疑虑,但至少,没人敢说这纲要纯属空想。
午时休会。朱由检命御膳房赐宴,就在文华殿偏殿用膳。君臣同席,气氛稍缓。
席间,徐光启低声对身旁的薄珏道:“薄主事,你那‘蒸汽机车’的图纸,皇上看过了吗?”
薄珏点头:“看过了。皇上提了许多修改意见,有些……匪夷所思,但细想又确有道理。比如皇上说要加‘刹车装置’,车轮上加闸瓦,通过连杆控制;又说要在铁轨上设‘信号系统’,用旗语、灯火指挥行车。这些想法,臣从未想过。”
“皇上非常人也。”徐光启感慨,“有时候老臣觉得,皇上似乎见过百年后的世界。”
薄珏深以为然。
午后会议继续。这次讨论的是最敏感的部分——《兴文》卷中的科举改革。
礼部尚书钱士升第一个反对:“皇上,‘科举增考实学’一项,臣以为不妥。科举取士,首重德行文章。若增考算术、地理、格物,恐士子舍本逐末,专攻奇技淫巧。”
“钱卿,”朱由检反问,“若一个官员,不知算术,如何理财?不知地理,如何治河?不知格物,如何造器?大明需要的不是只会做八股的书生,是能办实事的人才。”
“可千年科举,一朝更改,恐天下士子不服。”
“所以不是废除科举,是改进。”朱由检耐心解释,“乡试、会试,仍以经义为主,但增考‘策论’,题目需涉实务。同时,开设‘明经特科’,专取实学人才,与进士同等待遇。如此,愿学实学者有出路,愿守经义者亦可科举,两不相碍。”
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都察院左都御史高攀龙这时开口:“皇上,臣刚从江南回来,有一见闻。苏州府新办的‘实学堂’,招收生徒三百,教授算术、地理、农学。起初士绅鄙夷,称‘工匠之学’。但不到半年,这些学生已能丈量田亩、计算赋税、设计水车。苏州府衙已招募二十人任书办,办事效率倍增。”
他环视众人:“老臣以为,时代变了。以往士大夫耻谈实务,但如今国事艰难,正需实务之才。科举改革,势在必行。”
高攀龙是东林党魁首,他的话很有分量。钱士升虽仍有疑虑,但不再激烈反对。
会议持续到酉时。当夕阳透过窗棂洒入殿中时,朱由检做了总结:
“诸卿今日所议,朕都记下了。这份纲要,还需修改完善。但大方向不变——强军、富国、兴文、固本,四条腿走路,缺一不可。”
他站起身:“朕知道,推行此纲要,必遭阻力。但诸卿想一想:若不改革,大明还能撑几年?辽东建州虎视眈眈,西北流民蠢蠢欲动,江南财赋日渐枯竭。坐以待毙,还是奋起一搏?”
殿中寂静。所有人都明白,皇帝说的是事实。
“朕选择搏。”朱由检声音斩钉截铁,“诸卿若愿与朕同行,朕必不负卿;若不愿,现在就可请辞,朕绝不阻拦。”
沉默持续了十息。然后,徐光启第一个跪地:“臣愿追随皇上,鞠躬尽瘁!”
接着是王在晋、海文渊、张维枢、沈廷扬……三十余位重臣,全部跪倒:
“臣等愿追随皇上!”
这一刻,朱由检心中涌起复杂的情绪。他知道,这些人中,有的真心拥护,有的迫于形势,有的还在观望。但至少,表面上统一了。
“好。”他点头,“那便从今日始。五年之后,朕要看到一个不一样的大明。”
七月初十,《五年强国纲要》正式颁布。诏书用大白话撰写,抄录万份,张贴于全国各府州县衙门前,更由说书先生在市井宣讲。
百姓反应各异。京郊农民听说要修铁轨,忧心征地,但听说“以工代赈、日给钱米”,又有些期待;江南士子闻科举改革,有人愤愤不平,有人开始偷偷学算术;西北流民得知朝廷要“大规模兴修水利”,眼中重燃希望。
而反应最激烈的,是那些利益受损者。
七月十五,中元节。南京国子监,明伦堂。
三百多名监生聚集,气氛肃杀。主位上坐着的是国子监祭酒孔贞运——孔子六十三代孙,当世大儒。
“诸生,”孔贞运须发皆白,声音沉痛,“朝廷颁布《五年纲要》,老朽细读三遍,夜不能寐。科举增考实学,此乃动摇国本;裁撤卫所,此乃自毁长城;清丈田亩,此乃与民争利。长此以往,圣人之学不存,礼乐崩坏啊!”
台下监生群情激愤。一个年轻士子起身:“祭酒,学生听说,苏州实学堂的学生,如今在衙门做事,月银三两,比咱们这些监生待遇还高。长此以往,谁还读圣贤书?”
另一个士子接话:“更可气的是,朝廷要设‘明经特科’,
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